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Sperling, L.; Hubbard, R. (1 February 1975). "Squid retinochrome". The Journal of General Physiology. 65 (2): 235–251. doi: 10.1085/jgp.65.2.235. ISSN 0022-1295. PMC 2214869. PMID 235007.
Retina display? Apple’s screen tech explained What is a Retina display? Apple’s screen tech explained
In practice, thus far Apple has converted a device's display to Retina by doubling the number of pixels in each direction, quadrupling the total resolution. This increase creates a sharper interface at the same physical dimensions. The only exceptions to this have been the iPhone 6 Plus, 6S Plus, 7 Plus, and 8 Plus, which render their displays at triple the number of pixels in each direction, before down-sampling to a 1080p resolution. Baker, Oliver (23 April 2010). "Focus: Eye Cells as Light Pipes". Physical Review Focus. Vol.25, no.15. doi: 10.1103/physrevfocus.25.15. a b c Cuenca, Nicolás; Ortuño-Lizarán, Isabel; Pinilla, Isabel (March 2018). "Cellular Characterization of OCT and Outer Retinal Bands Using Specific Immunohistochemistry Markers and Clinical Implications" (PDF). Ophthalmology. 125 (3): 407–422. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.016. hdl: 10045/74474. PMID 29037595.Retina (4thed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby. 2006. pp.2013–2015. ISBN 978-0-323-02598-0. OCLC 62034580. Central serous retinopathy. This is when fluid builds up under the central retina, causing distorted vision. Though the cause of central serous retinopathy (CSR) often is unknown, it tends to affect men in their 30s to 50s more frequently than women, and stress appears to be a major risk factor.
Retina display? Everything you need to know | Macworld What is a Retina display? Everything you need to know | Macworld
Yanoff M, et al., eds. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 10, 2020. Between 1011 and 1021 CE, Ibn Al-Haytham published numerous experiments demonstrating that sight occurs from light reflecting from objects into the eye. This is consistent with intromission theory and against emission theory, the theory that sight occurs from rays emitted by the eyes. However, Ibn Al-Haytham decided that the retina could not be responsible for the beginnings of vision because the image formed on it was inverted. Instead he decided it must begin at the surface of the lens. [78]As an example, the following matrix is at the heart of a computer algorithm that implements edge detection. This matrix is the computer equivalent to the centre–surround structure. In this example, each box (element) within this matrix would be connected to one photoreceptor. The photoreceptor in the centre is the current receptor being processed. The centre photoreceptor is multiplied by the +1 weight factor. The surrounding photoreceptors are the "nearest neighbors" to the centre and are multiplied by the −1/8 value. The sum of all nine of these elements is finally calculated. This summation is repeated for every photoreceptor in the image by shifting left to the end of a row and then down to the next line. Optical coherence tomography (OCT). This test is an excellent technique for capturing precise images of the retina to diagnose epiretinal membranes, macular holes and macular swelling (edema), to monitor the extent of age-related wet Retinal laser treatment has a success rate of around 90 to 95 percent. Most retinal tears are effectively treated and don’t require re-retreatment. Some people experience retinal tear enlargement (despite surgery). No other manufacturer uses the Retina branding – Apple’s lawyers would soon have something to say if they did. But several makers of smartphones and tablets, in particular, have displays with pixel densities which are at least a match for Apple’s devices, and in some cases far exceed it. These centre–surround structures are not physical apparent, in the sense that one cannot see them by staining samples of tissue and examining the retina's anatomy. The centre–surround structures are logical (i.e., mathematically abstract) in the sense that they depend on the connection strengths between bipolar and ganglion cells. It is believed that the connection strength between cells is caused by the number and types of ion channels embedded in the synapses between the bipolar and ganglion cells.
Retinal Diseases: Types, Symptoms, and Causes - Verywell Health
Retina is an Apple marketing term for which there’s no concrete definition: put simply, a Retina display is any screen Apple has decided to call that. There are however, features which set Retina displays apart from non-Retina screens. Why Samsung makes Retina Displays– but not for its own tablets". Wired magazine. April 4, 2012 . Retrieved June 4, 2013. Ng Yin Ling C, Lim SC, Jonas JB, Sabanayagam C. Obesity and risk of age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of prospective population-based studies. Int J Obes. 2021;45(9):1863-1885. doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00829-yRoutine eye exams can reveal early signs of macular degeneration and other serious retina problems so treatment can begin as soon as possible to prevent vision loss. Adar SD, Klein R, Klein BE, Szpiro AA, Cotch MF, Wong TY, etal. (2010). "Air Pollution and the microvasculature: a crosssectional assessment of in vivo retinal images in the population based multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)". PLOS Med. 7 (11): e1000372. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000372. PMC 2994677. PMID 21152417.
Detached retina (retinal detachment) - NHS
Lipaemia retinalis is a white appearance of the retina, and can occur by lipid deposition in lipoprotein lipase deficiency.Cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) describes a number of diseases where vision loss is caused by deterioration of the cones and/or rods in the retina. Epiretinal membrane. Epiretinal membrane is a delicate tissue-like scar or membrane that looks like crinkled cellophane lying on top of the retina. This membrane pulls up on the retina, which distorts your vision. Objects may appear blurred or crooked.
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